By the early 19th century, the introduction of lithography substantially improved reproduction quality. In 18th Century England, a notable illustrator was William Blake (1757–1827), who used relief etching. Hokusai's The Great Wave off Kanagawa is a famous image of the time.ĭuring the 16th and 17th centuries in Europe, the main reproduction processes for illustration were engraving and etching. Subjects included traditional folk tales, popular figures, and everyday life. The 1600s Japan saw the origination of Ukiyo-e, an influential illustration style characterized by expressive lines, vivid color, and subtle tones, resulting from the ink-brushed wood block printing technique. A classic example of illustrations exists from the time of The Tomb of Pharaoh Seti I, circa 1294 BC to 1279 BC, who was the father of Ramses II, born in 1303 BC. Some of the earliest illustrations come from the time of ancient Egypt (Khemet) often as hieroglyph. With the invention of the printing press during the 15th century, books became more widely distributed, and often illustrated with woodcuts. The illustrations of medieval codices were known as illuminations and were individually hand-drawn and painted. Historically, the art of illustration is closely linked to the industrial processes of printing and publishing. Illustration as fine art Īn engraving by Georgius Agricola or Georg Bauer (1494–1555), illustrating the mining practice of fire-setting Types of jobs range from research institutes to museums to animation. The Association of Medical Illustrators states that the median salary is $70,650, while for science illustrators it's $72,277. There is a Guild of Natural Science Illustrators and Association of Medical Illustrators. In contemporary illustration practice, 2D and 3D software is often used to create accurate representations that can be updated easily, and reused in a variety of contexts. Technical and scientific illustration is generally designed to describe or explain subjects to a nontechnical audience, so it must provide "an overall impression of what an object is or does, to enhance the viewer's interest and understanding." The aim is "to generate expressive images that effectively convey certain information via the visual channel to the human observer". This may include exploded views, cutaways, fly-throughs, reconstructions, instructional images, component designs, diagrams. Technical and scientific illustration communicates information of a technical or scientific nature. Illustrations of various insects, drawn in 1833 by J.
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